第二章 出則悌

【英文語音撥放（Play English Audio） – Chapter 2】

Chapter 2 On Practicing True Brotherhood

Chapter 2 Standards for Brothers At Home or Away from Home

兄道友。弟道恭。

When the older children are friendly

And the younger children respectful,

If I am the older sibling, I will befriend the younger ones.

If I am the younger sibling, I will respect and love the older ones.

兄弟睦。孝在中。

Then brothers and sisters won’t fight,

And it’s clear they know how to be filial.

Only when I can maintain harmonious relationships with my siblings

am I being dutiful to my parents.(註13)

財物輕。怨何生。

Don’t think of wealth as important,

Or else you will feel resentful.

When I value my familial ties more than property and belongings,

no resentment will come between me and my siblings.

言語忍。忿自泯。

When talking to others, be patient,

Then you won’t be troubled by anger.

When I am careful with words and hold back hurtful comments,

my feelings of anger naturally die out.

或飲食。或坐走。

When people are eating or drinking,

Sitting down or taking a walk,

Whether you are drinking, eating,

walking, or sitting,

長者先。幼者後。

Let those who are older go first.

The young ones should follow behind.

I will let the elders go first;

the younger ones should follow.

長呼人。即代叫。

If an elder is looking for someone,

You should run the errand instead.

When an elder is asking for someone,

I will get that person for him right away.

人不在。己即到。

If the person you seek can’t be found,

Hurry back and report what you’ve learned.

If I cannot find that person,

I will immediately report back, and put myself at the elder’s service instead.

稱尊長。勿呼名。

In speaking to those who are older,

Use the proper terms of respect.

When I address an elder,

I should not call him by his given name(註14). This is in accord with ancient Chinese etiquette.

對尊長。勿見能。

When you are facing teachers and elders,

Don’t show off or try to look smart.

In front of an elder,

I will never show off.

路遇長。疾趨揖。

If you meet an elder while walking,

Greet him or her with respect.

If I meet an elder I know on the street,

I will promptly clasp my hands and greet him with a bow.

長無言。退恭立。

If the elder does not address you,

Respectfully stand to one side.

If he does not speak to me,

I will step back and respectfully stand aside.

騎下馬。乘下車。

If an elder’s walking and you’re riding,

Stop and ask if he’s traveling far.

Should I be riding on a horse(註15) and spot an elder I know walking, I will dismount and pay respect to the elder.

If I am riding in a carriage(註16), I will stop, get out of the carriage, and ask if I can give the elder a ride.

過猶待。百步餘。

Respectfully wait till he’s passed you

Before you continue on in your car.

If I meet an elder passing by, I will stand aside and wait respectfully.

I will not leave until the elder disappears from my sight.

長者立。幼勿坐。

When an elder person is standing,

The young ones should not take a seat,

When an elder is standing,

I will not sit.

長者坐。命乃坐。

But wait till the elder is seated,

And sit down when you are told.

After an elder sits down,

I sit only when I am told to do so.

尊長前。聲要低。

Speak softly in front of your elders,

In a low voice that pleases the ear.

Before an elder,

I will peak softly.

低不聞。卻非宜。

But you are wrong if you’re speaking

So softly that no one can hear.

But if my voice is too low and hard to hear,

it is not appropriate.

進必趨。退必遲。

Greet your elders promptly,

And take your leave slowly.

When meeting an elder, I will walk briskly towards him;

when leaving, I will not exit in haste.

問起對。視勿移。

Answer questions respectfully,

And don’t let your eyes dart around.

When answering a question,

I will look at the person who is asking me the question.

事諸父。如事父。

You should treat everyone’s parents

Just the same as you treat your own.

I will serve my uncles

as if I am serving your parents.(註17)

事諸兄。如事兄。

Treat all brothers and sisters

Just like your family at home.

I will treat my cousins

as if they are my own siblings. (註18)

註13： Parents are happy when their children get along with each other. This is one way children can show they are dutiful to their parents.

父母知道兒女能和睦相處一定會很高興，這也是兒女們盡孝道的一種方式。

註14： In ancient China, a male person had at least two names. The first name was the “given name”, which was given to him by his parents when he was born. A second name was given to him by his friends when he reached the age of 20, at a“Ceremony of the Hat” given in his honor to announce his coming of age. After that only his parents called him by his “given name.” Out of respect, everyone else, including the emperor, could only call him by his second name. The only exception was if he committed a crime. During sentencing, he would be called by his “given name.”

中國古時候男子有“名”、有“字”。“ 名”是指父母取的名。男子二十歲行【冠禮】，表示他已成人，朋友另外給他取個“字”就是“冠字”。以後只有父母才能稱他的“名”， 其他人包括皇帝也只能稱他的“字”，這是對他的尊重。唯一的例外是當他犯罪，在判刑的時候可以直呼他的名。

註15： In ancient China, most people used horses or carriages as their means of transportation.

中國古時候老百姓用馬或馬車作為交通工具。

註16：See footnote 15. 請參考註解15。

註17： See footnote 2. 請參考註解2。

註18： See footnote 2. 請參考註解2。